Indonesia Political System

Indonesia Political System

 

Indonesia is a unitary state is a republic, where sovereignty is in the hands
people and is run entirely by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). Indonesia
presidential system of government, where the President serves as chief
state and head of government.

The Founding Fathers (the Founding Fathers), which laid the basis for the formation of
Indonesia, after the achievement of independence on August 17, 1945. They agreed
brings together the people who come from diverse ethnic groups, religions, and cultures that spread in thousands of islands large and small, under the umbrella of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).

Indonesia have had a federal system of government under the United States of Indonesia
(RIS) for seven months (December 27, 1949 - August 17, 1950), but returned to form
republican government.

After the fall of New Order (1996 - 1997), governments respond to pressure areas
the system is highly centralized government, by offering the concept of
Regional Autonomy for realizing the decentralization of power.

Act of 1945

Constitution of the State of Indonesia is the Basic Law (Constitution) of 1945, which regulates
position and responsibilities of state officials; authority, duties and relationships
between state institutions (legislative, executive, and judicial). 1945 Constitution also regulates the rights and obligations of citizens.

The legislative body consists of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) which is the institution The highest state and House of Representatives (DPR).
Executive comprising the President, who in performing their duties aided by
a vice president and cabinet. At the regional level, the provincial government led by
a governor, while in the government district / municipality headed by a
regent / mayor.

The judicial institutions run by the judicial authority of the Supreme Court
(MA) as the highest judicial institution along with other judicial bodies that are
underneath. The function of MA is to do justice, supervision, regulation, giving
advice, and administrative functions.

Currently, the 1945 Constitution in the process of amendment, which has entered the stage amendments fourth. The constitutional amendment has resulted in fundamental changes to the duties and relations in state institutions.

People's Consultative Assembly (MPR)

Principal functions of the Assembly as the highest state institution is to develop the state constitution;

appoint and dismiss the president / vice president; and arrange Outlines of
State Guidelines (Guidelines).

Principal functions of the Assembly referred to above may change depending on the amendment process 1945 Constitution which is in progress.

The number of members of the MPR is 700 people, consisting of 500 members of Parliament and 200 members Envoy Class and regional representatives, with a period of five years.

House of Representatives (DPR)

As a legislature, the House of Representatives to monitor the running of the government and together with the government preparing legislation.

The number of House members is 500 people, selected through the General Elections every five years once.

President / Vice President

President of the Republic of Indonesia shall hold the government in accordance with the 1945 Constitution and in implement their obligations, the president is assisted by a vice president. In the system Indonesian politics, the President is the Head of State and Chief Government
position parallel to the high institutions of other countries.
The President also incorporated as a mandatory of the MPR, which is obliged to run Garisgaris
Of State Policy set out the Assembly.

The President appoints the ministers and heads of non-departmental agencies (Army / Police / Prosecutor Great) to help implement ministerial-level task.

In 1945 (the version before the amendment) mentioned that the President and Vice President
elected by the Assembly with a majority vote. President and Vice-President holds office
during the period of five years and thereafter may be reappointed.

Supreme Court

Supreme Court (MA) is the executive function of the judiciary, whose position is aligned with
higher institutions of other countries. MA is independent of government intervention in
perform his duty to uphold law and justice, despite the appointment of Supreme Court justices
be President.

Other State Agency

Other state high institutions Supervisory Agency (BPK) and the Council
Supreme Advisory (DPA).

The main function of CPC is to conduct audits of government. Findings CPC
reported to the House of Representatives, as the body which approved the Expenditure Budget
(APBN).

DPA serves to give answers to the questions President
associated with the implementation of the state, including in political, economic, social
cultural, and military. DPA can also give advice or suggestions or recommendations on
issues relating to the interests of the state.

DPA members proposed by the House of Representatives and appointed by the President for the term of office of five years. The number of members of the DPA is 45 people.

Local Government

At the local level, a province headed by a governor while
regency / municipality headed by a regent / mayor. Currently there are 30 provinces and
360 districts / municipalities.

Since the enactment of Law No. 22/1999 on Regional Autonomy on
January 1, 2001, focused regional management authority to the district, so that
relationship between the provincial and district governments are more coordination.

Relations legislature, executive and legislative at the local level as well as
inter-institutional relations at the national level. For example, the task is to oversee the House Level I running of the government at the provincial level and in conjunction with the Governor to prepare local regulations. Judiciary at the local level is represented by the High Court and
District Court.

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INDONESIA'S POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT LEARNING APPROACH THROUGH THE POLITICAL CULTURE

Cultures derived from the word 'buddhayah' which means mind, or can also be defined separately by two words 'mind' and 'power' which when combined produce synthesis cog meaning kindness, or using the intellect. When you see the culture of politics in the context of this case concerning the political system adopted by a country with all the elements (the pattern of being and behaving patterns) contained therein.

            Attitudes and political behavior one becomes an object marker of political phenomena that will happen to the person and the people who are under political. An example is if someone already familiar with the attitudes and political behavior that is only know to receive, under or give orders without question or provide an opportunity for questioning what is contained Dalan order. Can be expected that people would feel weird, awkward or frustrated when he was in a community of critical, often, even if it does not always, question the wisdom of the decision or something political.

            Strategic elite as the holders of power are usually the object of observation of this behavior, because they are usually very determining role despite their political action is not always a moment with the political climate of their environment. Strategic elite consciously usually wear in ways that no democratic society in order menyearahkan toward goals adopted by this group. Democratization deterioration usually happens here, although it may occur advances in several fields such as economics and other fields.

            Indonesia's political culture is essentially based on the pattern of attitudes and political behavior that compound. But this is where the problems are usually sourced. Why? Due for the elite who have a high sense of idealism. However, high levels of idealism that is often not based on solid knowledge about the reality of life. While people who live in this reality hit by a wall of a different reality with idealism that is applied by the elite. For example, a head of government who launched the 9-year compulsory education program for improving the quality of education, but on the application many children in basic education dropped out of school for various reasons, such as no cost. This means that idealism is not implicated in real and material involved in the community under political.

            Idealism is recognized indeed important. But being over-idealism that would create a narrow ideology that usually will create an attitude and political behavior of selfish and bossy. Democracy is usually capable of being a mediator for the upper path this polemic.

            Indonesia itself began to embrace the democratic system since the beginning of independence that sparked her in the Pancasila and the Constitution of 1945. Democracy is considered a suitable system in Indonesia because Indonesia's pluralistic society. Therefore, Democracy is done by consensus agreement seeks to achieve objectivity in various fields which are specifically political. Objective conditions that contribute to creating a conducive climate in the Indonesian government. Nevertheless, the political behavior of humans in Indonesia still has the motifs that make it difficult to apply a pure democracy.

            The first pattern found on the strategic elite, namely the tendency to impose their subyektifisme to become objectivism, this kind of attitude usually bear the mental attitude of the authoritarian / totalitarian. The second pattern found in ordinary community members, this style is emotional, primordial. Both cirak is synthesized so as to create a political atmosphere of authoritarian / totalitarian.

            So far we already know the differences or gaps between the motifs of political attitudes and behavior that seem applicable in the community with a pattern of political attitudes and behavior desired by the Pancasila and the Constitution of 1945. We know that the Indonesian people today still do not reflect the values of Pancasila in attitude and behavior daily. Tersebutlah fact that we wish to change with the values of Pancasila idealism, to reach people who at least approaching perfection in the context of Pancasila.

            The essence of the ideal man must be associated to the concept of "dynamics in the stability". Dynamic sense of the word here means to grow to become better. Suppose for a generation passed a law, it is hoped with the dynamics that exist within these communities can make the Act is flexible and flexible, so that without losing the essence of values that exist, that generation continues to grow. Dynamics and independence of thought are expected to be able to strengthen unity and foster growth.

            At issue now is how to make individuals who are in the people of Indonesia to have a characteristic "dynamics in the stability" that the ideal human being desired by Pancasila. So here requires the a process called socialization, socialization Pancasila. This Sosalisasi if running progressive and successful then we will meimplikasikan Pancasila values into the various spheres of life. From planting-planting this value will give birth cultures berideologikan Pancasila. The delivery process will take a long time, so we can not expect instant results of acculturation.

            Two factors that enable the success of the process of acculturation of values in oneself that is up to those values embedded in her work well. Both factors are:

   1. Emotional psychological, factors originating from the heart
   2. Ratio, factors derived from brain
If both factors in a person compatible with the values of Pancasila so when it came to pass that on its own civilizing Pancasila.
Of course, not only those two factors. Another aspect that deserves diperhaikan also in the process of acculturation is a matter of time. Acculturation does not take place instantly in a person but through a process that would require stages that is the introduction of-understanding-assessment-practice-appreciation. This chronological factor lasts is different for each age group.
Removing a habit that has become of the old culture is a serious thing, but it tersebutlah required by the nation of Indonesia. Right now our nation needs a cultural transformation to form a culture that provides ideal characteristics for each individual human being that is characterized as a more Pancasila. Iu transformation requires the stages of understanding and deep appreciation that is contained in the values that require change or renewal. The success or failure of civilizing and with all the process will determine the course of political development adopted by Indonesia in the future.

Source : mgmpips.wordpress.com