Indonesia Political System

Indonesia Political System

 

Indonesia is a unitary state is a republic, where sovereignty is in the hands
people and is run entirely by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). Indonesia
presidential system of government, where the President serves as chief
state and head of government.

The Founding Fathers (the Founding Fathers), which laid the basis for the formation of
Indonesia, after the achievement of independence on August 17, 1945. They agreed
brings together the people who come from diverse ethnic groups, religions, and cultures that spread in thousands of islands large and small, under the umbrella of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).

Indonesia have had a federal system of government under the United States of Indonesia
(RIS) for seven months (December 27, 1949 - August 17, 1950), but returned to form
republican government.

After the fall of New Order (1996 - 1997), governments respond to pressure areas
the system is highly centralized government, by offering the concept of
Regional Autonomy for realizing the decentralization of power.

Act of 1945

Constitution of the State of Indonesia is the Basic Law (Constitution) of 1945, which regulates
position and responsibilities of state officials; authority, duties and relationships
between state institutions (legislative, executive, and judicial). 1945 Constitution also regulates the rights and obligations of citizens.

The legislative body consists of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) which is the institution The highest state and House of Representatives (DPR).
Executive comprising the President, who in performing their duties aided by
a vice president and cabinet. At the regional level, the provincial government led by
a governor, while in the government district / municipality headed by a
regent / mayor.

The judicial institutions run by the judicial authority of the Supreme Court
(MA) as the highest judicial institution along with other judicial bodies that are
underneath. The function of MA is to do justice, supervision, regulation, giving
advice, and administrative functions.

Currently, the 1945 Constitution in the process of amendment, which has entered the stage amendments fourth. The constitutional amendment has resulted in fundamental changes to the duties and relations in state institutions.

People's Consultative Assembly (MPR)

Principal functions of the Assembly as the highest state institution is to develop the state constitution;

appoint and dismiss the president / vice president; and arrange Outlines of
State Guidelines (Guidelines).

Principal functions of the Assembly referred to above may change depending on the amendment process 1945 Constitution which is in progress.

The number of members of the MPR is 700 people, consisting of 500 members of Parliament and 200 members Envoy Class and regional representatives, with a period of five years.

House of Representatives (DPR)

As a legislature, the House of Representatives to monitor the running of the government and together with the government preparing legislation.

The number of House members is 500 people, selected through the General Elections every five years once.

President / Vice President

President of the Republic of Indonesia shall hold the government in accordance with the 1945 Constitution and in implement their obligations, the president is assisted by a vice president. In the system Indonesian politics, the President is the Head of State and Chief Government
position parallel to the high institutions of other countries.
The President also incorporated as a mandatory of the MPR, which is obliged to run Garisgaris
Of State Policy set out the Assembly.

The President appoints the ministers and heads of non-departmental agencies (Army / Police / Prosecutor Great) to help implement ministerial-level task.

In 1945 (the version before the amendment) mentioned that the President and Vice President
elected by the Assembly with a majority vote. President and Vice-President holds office
during the period of five years and thereafter may be reappointed.

Supreme Court

Supreme Court (MA) is the executive function of the judiciary, whose position is aligned with
higher institutions of other countries. MA is independent of government intervention in
perform his duty to uphold law and justice, despite the appointment of Supreme Court justices
be President.

Other State Agency

Other state high institutions Supervisory Agency (BPK) and the Council
Supreme Advisory (DPA).

The main function of CPC is to conduct audits of government. Findings CPC
reported to the House of Representatives, as the body which approved the Expenditure Budget
(APBN).

DPA serves to give answers to the questions President
associated with the implementation of the state, including in political, economic, social
cultural, and military. DPA can also give advice or suggestions or recommendations on
issues relating to the interests of the state.

DPA members proposed by the House of Representatives and appointed by the President for the term of office of five years. The number of members of the DPA is 45 people.

Local Government

At the local level, a province headed by a governor while
regency / municipality headed by a regent / mayor. Currently there are 30 provinces and
360 districts / municipalities.

Since the enactment of Law No. 22/1999 on Regional Autonomy on
January 1, 2001, focused regional management authority to the district, so that
relationship between the provincial and district governments are more coordination.

Relations legislature, executive and legislative at the local level as well as
inter-institutional relations at the national level. For example, the task is to oversee the House Level I running of the government at the provincial level and in conjunction with the Governor to prepare local regulations. Judiciary at the local level is represented by the High Court and
District Court.

Source :